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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMin - PC - 1974.10.16THE CITY OF BURLINGAME PLANNING COMMISSION October 16, 1974 COMMISSIONERS PRESENT COMMISSIONERS ABSENT OTHERS PRESENT Francard None Jacobs Kindig Mink Norberg Sine Taylor CA�LLMORTDER City Planner Swan Asst. City Planner Yost City Attorney Coleman City Engineer Davidson The monthly study meeting of the Burlingame Planning Commission was called to order at 7:40 P.M. on the above date, Chairman Mink presiding. ROLL CALL The above members were present. 1. CONTINUED REVIEW OF ANZA MASTER PLAN EIR 28-1' At the invitation of the Chair City Planner Swan addressed the Commission. He reminded them the EIR had been considered in phases so that public hearings could be held on the different portions. Commission request at one of these hearings had been for a schedule of incremental development from Anza. This had now been received. He distributed copies to the Commission of "Anza Master Plan Incremental Growth Table." This is a timetable try year of specific buildings to be completed; their type; number of employees; and peak traffic generated. The table shows a project completion date of 1983. The City Planner, commenting he thought. this completion date was optimistic, announced David Keyston was present for Commission questions. Mr. Keyston agreed that 1983 would be an early date of completion of the project. In response to questions, he stated that the 30,000 traffic figure included trips of employees to restaurants, and verified the traffic report was accurate in the peak traffic generated. He noted he is basically asking for a conceptual tentative approval of a master plan that includes these buildings, and gave his rationale for the times of erection. The large office buildings would be last since they would be the most difficult to finance and fill. The best temporary use - the airport parking - would be next to last. Prior to that he planned the clusters of buildings that could be developed as units. Chairman Mink pointed out the purpose of requesting this time table was to establish lines of demarcation: points in time to check the project's effect on traffic and other aspects. The developer stated the traffic report designated 1978 as the year when plans for traffic must be resolved in order to continue development. This is approximately the 45% completion point to which it is estimated the.present road network will support traffic. Discussion followed as to whether �AE the traffic report meant this was sufficient for access roads or to roads within the project. It was the developer's interpretation that the roads within the project would be adequate for the entire development. It was agreed this point needed clarification. Mr. Keyston suggested 1975 as a check point for demographic impact, noting that this impact will depend on solutions for traffic. There was Commission comment that traffic impact on Burlingame would not be so much on the freeway as on streets in Burlingame being used for access to the project. The developer was questioned if he might switch times for the buildings, thereby changing the employment impact. He replied there might be some changes, but not as units. He agreed to have the traffic consultant present at the public hearing in October. There was Commission suggestion that Bayshore traffic could be alleviated by stipulating project's office hours as starting at 9:30 A.M. when heavy freeway load is OVar. Chairman Mink requested staff to report at the next meeting on their estimate of necessary check points for the project. The City Planner asked that the Commission consider demographic impacts: Where will people live? Where will they spend money? If in Burlingame, where would housing be? If along access routes to Anza, where will access be provided? Discussion followed with particular reference to apartments in Burlingame and where they could be provided. Chairman Mink questioned Mr. Charles Bigelow on his opinion of the legality of the draft concept of the EIR in fulfilling legal requirements, particularly in the demographic section which is based on assumptions. Mr. Bigelow cited legal precedents. Court rulings have in the past required more than a tentative EIR, and he stressed the importance to the City of clearing up this legal question. He noted that the City is a lead agency and has the responsibility to see that the EIR is fully prepared. Lawsuits on the legality of the EIR could result in financial difficulties for both City and developer. With reference to demographic impacts, he thought: that, given an understanding of the age, sex, and employment pattern characteristics of the people in the Anza project, it would be possible to come up with a general demographic analysis. Consultant services could be used. Mr. Bigelow did not feel there would be great change in the number of single family residences in Burlingame, but rather in their remodeling and turnover. He conceded there would be a large demand for apartments= and did think employee needs and patterns could be established along with a method of monitoring them. Mr. Bigelow warned that providing freeway access would-be a multi- million dollar project and spoke of diversion of some federal urban aid funds to transit. The City, of course, could exercise its option to apply for mathing funds for access. He made the point that auto -oriented solutions may not be possible, and it might be easier to get funds for transit. The cost of access makes an economic feasibility report of key importance. He cited present studies being made to upgrade the Southern Pacific., presently - 3 - operating commute system; the possibility of BART'; and the Greyhound system. Commission discussion followed, with some agreement that there would be a definite traffic impact from commuters on the streets of Burlingame and surrounding communities. There was more discussion on housing. Chairman Mink questioned if this series of hearings could be terminated so that necessary analyses could be made and a new series of hearings conducted when information was complete enough fora legal document. He requested the City Attorney to research the legal options of the City of Burlingame in the preparation of the EIR, noting that this city has procedural options which some cities do not have. He suggested the City Attorney confer with the developer's legal staff to this end. Mr. Keyston protested it had not been his understanding that a final adopted EIR was necessary before the project could be started= that a tentative EIR would be sufficient for the concept,°with final EIRs for the separate increments} He reviewed the process of submitting his Master Plan to the City and 1the resultant staff suggestion of a tentative draft EIR. He noted that Anza is not at this time asking for a specific approval, and hoped it could be handled in a manner other than a final EIR. City Planner Swan announced there would be a public hearing on the socio-economic changes and growth inducing impacts of the Anza Master Plan on October 30, 1974. 2._ PROPOSED _CODE A, E T MEMIS TO TITLE 25 ZONING City Planner Swan informed the Commission that EIR 30-P, detailing the proposed code amendments, and a draft resolution with findings of fact had been prepared. Code amendments increase off-street parking requirements for restaurants in the C-4 District; reduce lot coverage, require front and side setback's and side and rear yards, and require landscaping in the M-1 District; exclude use variances; and delete code section giving exceptions to lot coverages in R-1. He commented the Commission had discussed these amendments over the past few months, and reminded them the M-1 district amendments had been added because of need for a policy on lot coverage and setbacks. The only restrictions in this area have been the recorded deed restrictions followed by the Design Review Committee for Millsdal.e Industrial Park. There is no machinery to enforce these. Amendment to require that 10% of the total lot area be devoted to landscaping seems reasonable, since C-4 is 15% and SSF uses 10%. He pointed out that the State code had been amended in 1970 to state a variance shall not be granted for a parcel of property which authorizes a use QC activity which is not otherwise expressly authorized by the zone regulation governing the parcel of property. The Commission reviewed EIR 30-P section by section. On restaurant parking, there was a comment that 1 space per 90 SF would be more adequate than 1 per 91. Also there was a question e� of what constitutes "reasonable" in " . . .parking for employees within reasonable proximity." The word "reasonable" is to be deleted. One commissioner asked if amendments could be voted on separately, and was informed they could be. City Planner Swan distributed to Commissioners a copy of deed restrictions in Millsdale which stipulates that loading and unloading must be conducted off the street, and further details that no dock or loading door shall be nearer than 60' to the inside line of the sidewalk. He asked if Commission would like to have this added to amendments. There was considerable discussion to the point that this is sometimes an unnecessary restriction on some property owners; and they would be penalized because of non -enforcement of the vehicle code which prohibits parking across the sidewalk. There was general agreement that this should be studied later after a report from the Police Department assessing the problem of enforcement of vehicle code. There followed Commission discussion of methods of enforcing landscaping percentage. It was suggested that it could be mandatory upon filing notice of completion that landscaping be completed. The City Engineer agreed that landscaping could be included in the certification of occupancy. The consensus of the Commission was that landscaping should be included and provisions made for assurance of its completion. There was discussion of some latitude in case of bad weathers but it was decided that since there -were very few periods when landscape work cannot be done,the time lapse could be left to the discretion of the City Engineer and Building Inspector. Chairman Mink requested the City Planner to draft additional wording in the amendment which would require either landscaping to be installed or surety bond established before a certificate of occupancy is given. The City Attorney confirmed that it would be proper to put this stipulation in the code amendment. City Attorney Coleman told the Commission the State Code has since 1970 stated that use variances are illegal. This code amendment is a move to bring Burlingame's code up to date. He confirmed that the alternative to a use variance would be rezoning. City Planner Swan explained the last code amendment which would delete exceptions to lot coverage in all R -1,R-2, R-3, and R-4 zones, Section 25.66.02. Preceding Section 25.66.01 specifies that "all buildings, structures, and improvements . ." shall be included in calculations of lot coverage. The City Planner commented that the main idea is that any structure above ground encroaches on the open space of a lot. Commission discussion followed. one commissioner disliked the amendment since it would cause hardship on people wishing to build arbors. Discussion followed on whether or not swimming pools would be included since they are "improvements." If not, then would "doughboy" pools be included? it was suggested that wording be - 5 - changed to "all buildings and structures" instead of "all buildings, structures, and improvements." The question was raised of how people would know if they have exceeded lot coverage since no building permit is required for such things as patios. The City Engineer remarked that permits are required for patio covers and swimming pools. It was agreed this section should be rewritten with language that is specific in regard to "above ground" structures. 3. AMEM GENERAL PIAN, IN R-1 AND R-2 DISTRICTS. At the invitation of the Chair, City Planner Swan opened discussion of the recent Council referral to the Planning Commission of considered amendment of the General Plan to make it identical with the present zoning code in those R-1 and R-2 Districts,where the General Plan 'indicates higher density. The City Planner illustrated by means of charts and maps present zoning uses as opposed to those permitted by the General Plan. There was particular reference to Burlingame Park: area and the General Plan's indication of medium density where it is presently R-1 zoning. He illustrated that existing land uses in this area are not uniformly R-1. He referenced the August 14, 1974 staff report to the City Manager which presented Commission opinions expressed at their August 12 study meeting: 1. All R-1 will stay R-1. 2. Change General Pian to coincide, not be "identical," to retain city in historical condition. 3. Concurrently, pursue every legal means for abatement of illegal uses. 4. Consider alternatives for private redevelopment in the R-2 Districts which now have single family dwellings. S. Identify R-3 property that is uhderimproved. 6. Balance public utility systems with land use; improved water, wastewater and storm drainage systems are prerequisites for intensified (greater density) residential uses. The City Planner specified that the General Plan :is a guideline; the zoning code is the set of regulations. He considered it difficult to make the two identical, and cautioned that care must be taken not to create additional non -conforming uses. Commission discussion followed. One idea was creating "buffer zones".%reducing the area of medium density, but not putting R-1 next to R-3.' One opinion was that R-3 should be :zoned in the General Plan much the way it exists - medium high density approximating existing buildings - since rezoning would definitely hurt many property holders. R -3A zoning was suggested as a buffer between R-1 and R-3, as well as the R -2A concept in R-2 zones. The Chairman spoke of the demographic impact of the Anza project on entry corridors of Burlingame, and stated in his opinion consistency should be achieved by rezoning rather than by changing the General Plan. There was some Commission agreement, especially with regard to Anza, and a statement that the Planning Commission has the respon- sibility of recommending what it considers good planning. One commissioner cautioned that if some older areas are to conform to the General Plan, there will be a problem with inadequate services. Further discussion was scheduled, with City Planner Swan commenting that a change in the General Plan would probably :require an EIR. 4TgENE RAL PIM p1 QG„RB SS IMPORT City Planner Swan told the Commission that a one year extension had been granted for the City•s completion of Noise, Safety, Scenic Highway, and Seismic Safety Elements of the General Plan. The extended completion date is now September 20, 1975. Chairman Mink read communication of October 11, 1974 from Gregory W. Harding, of the Office of Planning and Research, State of California, confirming this extension. The City Planner reported that the Geologic Hazards Act would be considered later in the agenda. S. AMENDED PARCEL MAP, PARD P.I.AZA TOWERS, A CONDOMINIUM PROJECT AT 110 PARK ROAD, BY FRAHM.EDLER.CANNIS FOR PACIFIC WESTERN CONTRACTORS (CONTINUED_ FROM SEPTEMBER 11. 1974.) City Engineer Davidson reviewed circumstances surrounding this parcel map. This map amends the previously approved map to agree with as - built construction plans. It was submitted to the Planning Commission in August and continued to the October meeting to allow Council consideration of the as -built construction plans. The Council did not approve the as -built plans. The building is to be reconstructed to conform with the original plans for which Council approved a special permit. The developer had requested that the amended map remain on the agenda. On invitation of the Chair, Mr. Robert Church addressed the Commission. He confirmed that the as -built plans had been rejected, but wished the amended map to remain on the agenda for Commission consideration as a matter of record. Some discussion followed. Chairman Mink then informed the developer that this amended map might be placed on the agenda for the public hearing as a convenience in closing the record. City Engineer Davidson informed the applicant that the following information would be needed for a hearing; New title page to snap, closure calculations for the lot and all of the units, title report current within 30 days. There was Commission suggestion that the City Attorney research any possible effects of Commission decision on this invalid map. - 7 - 6. FINAL PARCEL MAP, BEING A RESUBDIVISION OF PARCEL 5, ASSESSOR'S MAP B16 CITY OF BURLINGAME (APN 026-121-040) PROPERTY AT 1327-47 NORTH CAROLAN AVENUE., ZONED M-1, BY BLOMQUI SI' ENGINEERING INC. FOR KAREN HOLDING COMPANY City Engineer Davidson informed the ComMission the tentative map had already been approved and this map was exactly the sante. The in¢p does conform to code. He recommended it be set for hearing. Chairman Mink set this final map for hearing October ~30, 1974. 7. TENTATIVE AND FINAL PARCEL MAP, BEING A RESUBDIVISION OF LOTS 28 AND 29, BLACK 1, BURLINGAME PARK NO. 4 (APN 028-141-050/-060) PROPERTY AT 735 EL CAMINO REAL, ZONED R-3, BY WILLIAM J. HAMMOND FOR RO RTP BERRYMAN S AND M=A M&RSH.) City Planner Swan reported to the Commission that this map was for the purpose.of combining these two lots. He noted tentative map had appeared before the Commission previously by another applicant for town houses. The applicant told the Commission he desired the common lot line between two lots eliminated to create one parcel of property for the purpose of building an -apartment building. No variances would be sought. City Engineer Davidson cited some problems. This map will be both tentative and final. However, one owner is shown on one map and a different owner on the other. A title report will be necessary, as well as closure calculations on the lot. A block -designation must be shown on the map. For the applicant's benefit, he noted that water service is not adequate for any major project, and its cost would be expensive. This map was set for hearing on October 30, 1974. 7A. FINAL PARCEL MAP, RESUBDIVISION OF LATS 7 AND 8, BLOCK 11, EASTON ADDITION, PROPERTY AT 945 CALIFORNIA DRIVE, BY AUGUST E. WAEGEMANN FOR LANDS OF F M.- XOLKER & CO. City Planner Swan reported to the Commission that this tentative map was approved in February. This is the final map. City Engineer Davidson told the Commission there were no changes from the previous map, and basically it is in conformance with the code. Chairman Mink set this final parcel map for hearing on October 30. 8. TENTATIVE AND FINAL PARCEL MAP, BEING A RESUBDIVISION OF LATS 4,5, AND 6, BLOCK 3, EAST MILLSDALE INDUSTRIAL PARK NO. 1 (APN 024-403-270) PROPERTY AT 1755 BAYSHORE :HIGHWAY ZONED M-1, BY BRIAN, KANGAS, FAULK AND ASSOCIATES FOR ALBERT HOOVER AND ASSOCIATES ARCHITECTS.) AND CA_RQL_J. FMN (OWNER.) 9. SPECIAL PERMIT FOR OFFICE BUILDING IN M-1 DISTRICT AT 1755 BAYSHORE HIGHWAY BY ALBERT HOOVER AND ASSOCIATES. Chairman Mink read letter of October 16, 1974 from Mr. James M. O'Neal =K4.10 of Albert A. Hoover & Associates requesting continuance on both these applications: The Chairman announced there would be no hearing in October and the items would be continued. After a brief recess at 10:30 P.M., the meeting reconvened. 10. VARIANCE TO RECONSTRUCT SUB -STANDARD WIRING IN NON -CONFORMING DWELLING BEHIND 1508 CABRILLO AVENUE (APN 026-031-060) BY WILLIAM J. BRITTON City Planner Swan showed slides of the front and rear house on this property, including views of the rear house on the property line, adjacent house on next door lot with only 3' between, a two story house on the rear of the lot across the 10' wide rear easement, and an interior view of the rear house. He explained this could best be called a non -conforming structure.. There are six dwellings on three R-1 lots. Each lot has a rear building on the rear property line. The rear house at 1508 Cabrillo has substandard wiring. The new owner had attempted to change the wiring without a permit from the City and the building inspector had stopped the job. The front house has three bedrooms and does not have a single covered parking space. There is a 10' easement at the rear of the properties which does mitigate the transmission of fire. He quoted Code Section 25.50.07 which stipulates that remodeling, rebuilding or reconstruction of non -conforming buildings shall not be permitted. In his opinion this rewiring constitutes remodeling, because the work to be done included going into the stud walls and changing the wiring. He did not regard this as normal maintenance and repair. He reported the zoning code was adopted in 1941. If this building was constructed before 1941, it is non -conforming; but if any portion was constructed after 1941, it is an illegal use and should be abated. The City Attorney stated it was difficult to determine from City Hall records when the structures were built, but added he was going to check the 1941 aerial photographs at the County of San Mateo. Mr. W. J. Britton addressed the Commission. He claimed his wiring contractor mailed in a permit application with a check to the City of Burlingame. Prior to receiving it, the building inspector visited the site and stopped the work. Mr. Britton stated he had purchased the property on May 31, 1974 and wiring was in bad condition with some bare and corroded wires. In the interests of safety he had retained an electrician to do the repair work. He did not consider this remodeling. Mr. Britton protested that in 1965 the then owner of the building had been notified by the City of Burlingame of his unsafe wiring. There had been several subsequent inspections in 1965 by the building inspector and City Planner and no indication was made by them that this was an illegal building. Subsequent to this the substandard wiring was metered, which Mr. Britton claimed could not have been done without permit of completion from the City. Commission discussion followed with one opinion that replacement of wiring appeared to be repair rather than remodeling. City Attorney Coleman commented he thought the first step would be referral to staff for their determination of whether or not this was remodeling and whether it was a non -conforming or illegal use. Chairman Mink informed Mr. Britton that the City. Attorney would make a decision based on information from staff on whether or not this was a non -conforming use. Mr. Britton would be informed of the decision in light of a possible ambiguity hearing. . 11. VARIANCE TO EXCEED HEIGHT LIMITATION IN R-3 DISTRICT AT 545 ALMER ROAD (FORMERLY APN 029-111-030,040,050) BY PACIFIC WESTERN CONTRACTORS, INC. City Planner Swan asked that the Commission focus on the fact that this is an application to exceed the height limit: in this R-3 zone. He added that since it is a condominium development, subsequent application will be needed for a condominium permit and an EIR will be necessary. Mr. Richard Elmore and Mr. Tom Hisata of Hisata Design Associates, Palo Alto, made a.detailed presentation of their proposed project using slides and enlarged photographs. These displays showed different views of the surrounding area with a mockup of the condominium superimposed on the view. Facts developed during this presentation were: This will be a multi -story condominium of 36 units, half of the units to be 3 bedrooms and half 2 bedrooms. Price will range from $125,000 to $210,000. There will be four apartments per floor, with two levels of basement parking and surface guest parking. 81 parking spaces are required; 90 will be provided plus 12 guest spaces. Building will be secured by electrical gates; 24-hour guard; and T.V. monitors at entrances. it will be fire-sprinklered , Overall height of the structure will be approximately 112 feet. Lot coverage would be 27.5% which gives room for wide setbacks and use of open space. Existing trees would be preserved. Comparison was drawn between this 36 unit building with its limited lot coverage and other 36 -units in the area which allow minimum open space. Construction will be masonry with structural steel frame. Commission commented on the unusual jutting facade, the height, the ample parking, and use of open space. It was alleged that the project meets the design characteristics laid out for the area by the General Plan. Chairman Mink questioned if the applicants wished conceptual acceptance at this point. The representatives of Hisata Design and Mr. Robert Church of Pacific Western indicated they were asking - 10 - for a chance to continue with detailed plans. City Planner Swan stated they should be asked to submit a detailed application and an EIR before the project could be scheduled for hearing. He added that a report from the Fire Department would be necessary. Detailed drawings will not be necessary but conceptual floor plans should be reviewed by staff before this is brought back to the Commission. The applicants were advised to prepare an EIR and return to the November study meeting. 12. SIGN VARIANCES FOR BROADWAY ARCADE PROJECT AT 1050 BROADWAY FOR N. CRISAFI BY J/W DESIGN ASSOCIATES. Assistant City Planner Yost told the Commission new drawings had been submitted for these signs which changed the projection on Sign A to only 8'h" and accurately located Sign H. Otherwise the signs are the same as previously presented. He questioned whether Sign F, a directory, should be considered a sign; and stated that the total signage represents only 5% of the total area on Broadway, which he considered reasonable. Chairman Mink scheduled this application for hearing October 30, 1974. 13. SIGN VARIANCE FOR 38'6" HIGH POLE SIGN HAVING 92 SF OF FACE AREA, AT 925 BAYSWATER FOR PUTNAM DODGE BY COAST/QRS SIGNS. Assistant City Planner Yost stated this pole sign of 92 SF was now proposed at a height of 38.6" and plans now show a location of 121 from the present pole sign. He presented a drawing showing the circle of visual impact of this higher sign. Some commissioners were concerned about the visibility from the R-1 areas. The applicant stated that the present location of the sign caused traffic confusion since there is no parking there. In response to question, he stated this sign has light control and would not be lit all night. There was some discussion of his parking problems and comment that if the new sign is located near the existing sign it need not be so high. This application was scheduled for hearing October 30, 1974. GENERAL_ Chairman Mink read communication of 10/10/74 from Carr, McClellan, Ingersoll, Thompson & Horn regarding temporary use for parking on lot on Howard and Primrose by the First United Methodist Church. He also read letter of October 15, 1974 from William Wright & Co. regarding unsightly dwelling at 1221 Howard Avenue. He announced there would be a joint dinner meeting by the City Council and Planning Commission at Beardsley's Restaurant at 6:15 on October 29 in honor of retired City Attorney Burress Karmel. Chairman Mink then requested report on the Geologic Hazards Act. City Attorney Coleman remarked that more information on implementation of this act may be forthcoming at the League of California Cities Convention. Assistant City Planner Yost referenced his recommendations on this act with exhibit map delineating boundaries of three faults within the City of Burlingame. He noted effects on property owners. All applications for construction within this zone must be accompanied by a geologic report. If proposed construction :is within 50 feet of a fault, it may not be built. ADJOURNMENT: The meeting regularly adjourned at 12:30 A.M. Respectfully submitted, Ruth E. Jacobs Secretary AGENDA CITY OF BURLINGAME PLANNING COMMISSION STUDY MEETING - OCTOBER 16, 1974 - 7:30 P. M. A. POLICY PLANNING 1. Continued Review of Anza Master Plan EIR-28P 2. Proposed code amendments to Title 25 Zoning 3. Amend General Plan in R-1 and R-2 Districts 4. General Plan Progress Report B. MAPS AND ZONING ADMINISTRATION 5. Amended Parcel Map, Park Plaza Towers, a condominium project at 110 Park Road, by Frahm.Edler.Cannis for Pacific Western Contractors (continued from September 11, 1974.) 6. Final Parcel Map, being a resubdivision of Parcel 5, Assessor's Map B16 City of Burlingame (APN 026-121-040), property at 1327-47 North Carolan Avenue, zoned M-1, by Blomquist Engineering Inc. for Karen Holding Company. 7. Tentative and Final Parcel Map, being a resubdivision of Lots 28 and 29, Block 1, Burlingame Park No. 4 (APN 028-141-050/060) property at 735 E1 Camino Real, zoned R-3, by William J. Hammond for Robert P. Berryman (James and Helen Marsh.) 8. Tentative and Final Parcel Map, being a resubdivision of Lots 4,5, and 6, Block 3, East Millsdale Industrial Park No. 1 (APN 024-403-270,) property at 1755 Bayshore Highway, zoned M-1, by Brian, Kangas, Faulk and Associates for Albert Hoover and Associates (architects) and Carol J. Flynn (owner.) 9. Special Permit for office building in M-1 District at 1755 Bayshore Highway by Albert Hoover and Associates. 10. Variance to reconstruct sub -standard wiring in non -conforming dwelling behind 1508 Cabrillo Avenue (APN 026-031-060) by William J. Britton. 11. Variance to exceed height limitation in R-3 district at 545 Almer Road (formerly APN 029-111-030,-040,-050) by Pacific Western Contractors, Inc C. MINOR PERMITS 12. Sign Variances for Broadway Arcade project at 1050 Broadway for N. Crisafi by J/W Design Associates. 13. Sign Variance for 3816" high pole sign having 92 SF of face area, at 925 Bayswater for Putnam Dol3ge by Coast/QRS Signs. D. OTHER