HomeMy WebLinkAboutReso - CC - 122-2019RESOLUTION NO. 122-2019
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BURLINGAME APPROVING A
RESPONSE TO THE SAN MATEO COUNTY GRAND JURY REPORT "ELECTRICAL
VEHICLE ADOPTION IN THE CITIES AND COUNY OF SAN MATEO"
WHEREAS, On August 12, 2019, the San Mateo County Grand Jury released a report
entitled "Electrical Vehicle Adoption in the Cities and County of San Mateo"; and
WHEREAS, the report made certain findings and recommendations regarding the
conversion of government fleets to electric vehicles for the County of San Mateo and the 20
cities within San Mateo County; and
WHEREAS, the City agrees with the findings and recommendation, and either has
already implemented or intends to implement them; and
WHEREAS, the City Council has received the proposed draft response letter.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BURLINGAME
RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:
That the letter in response to the San Mateo County Grand Jury entitled "Electrical
Vehicle Adoption in the Cities and County of San Mateo" is approved, and the Mayor is
authorized to sign and convey the letter on behalf qffAbe,, City.
Ali,
Donna Colson, Mayor
I, MEAGAN HASSEL-SHEARER, City Clerk of the City of Burlingame, certify that the foregoing
Resolution was adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council held on the 21st day of October,
2019, and was adopted thereafter by the following vote:
AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: BEACH, BROWNRIGG, COLSON, KEIGHRAN, ORTIZ
NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: NONE
ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: NONE
Meagh asset -Shearer, City Clerk
Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo
Hall of Justice and Records
400 County Center
Redwood City, CA 94063-1655
NEAL TANIGUCHI
COURT EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CLERK & JURY COMMISSIONER
August 12, 2019
City Council
City of Burlingame
501 Primrose Road
Burlingame, CA 94010
Re: Grand Jury Report: "Electric Vehicle Adoption in the Cities and County of San Mateo"
Dear Councilmembers:
(650)261-5066
FAX (650) 261-5147
www.sanmateocoun.org
The 2018-2019 Grand Jury filed a report on August 12, 2019 which contains findings and recommendations
pertaining to your agency. Your agency must submit comments, within 90 days, to the Hon. Donald J. Ayoob.
Your agency's response is due no later than November 12, 2019. Please note that the response should indicate
that it was approved by your governing body at a public meeting.
For all findings, your responding agency shall indicate one of the following:
1. The respondent agrees with the finding.
2. The respondent disagrees wholly or partially with the finding, in which case the response shall specify
the portion of the finding that is disputed and shall include an explanation of the reasons therefore.
Additionally, as to each Grand Jury recommendation, your responding agency shall report one of the following
actions:
1. The recommendation has been implemented, with a summary regarding the implemented action.
2. The recommendation has not yet been implemented, but will be implemented in the future, with a
time frame for implementation.
3. The recommendation requires further analysis, with an explanation and the scope and parameters of
an analysis or study, and a time frame for the matter to be prepared for discussion by the officer or
director of the agency or department being investigated or reviewed, including the governing body of
the public agency when applicable. This time frame shall not exceed six months from the date of
publication of the Grand Jury report.
4. The recommendation will not be implemented because it is not warranted or reasonable, with an
explanation therefore.
Please submit your responses in all of the following ways:
1. Responses to be placed on rile with the Clerk of the Court by the Court Executive Office.
• Prepare original on your agency's letterhead, indicate the date of the public meeting that
your governing body approved the response address and mail to Judge Ayoob.
Hon. Donald J. Ayoob
Judge of the Superior Court
c/o Charlene Kresevich
Hall of Justice
400 County Center; 2nd Floor
Redwood City, CA 94063-1655.
2. Responses to be placed at the Grand Jury website.
• Copy response and send by e-mail to: grandiurv60anmateocourt.ore. (Insert agency name
if it is not indicated at the top of your response.)
3. Responses to be placed with the clerk of your agency.
• File a copy of the response directly with the clerk of your agency. Do not send this copy to
the Court.
For up to 45 days after the end of the term, the foreperson and the foreperson's designees are available to clarify the
recommendations of the report. To reach the foreperson, please call the Grand Jury Clerk at (650) 261-5066.
If you have any questions regarding these procedures, please do not hesitate to contact Paul Okada, Chief Deputy
County Counsel, at (650) 3634761.
Very truly yours,
Neal Tani chi
So
Court Executive Officer
NTA
Enclosure
cc: Hon. Donald J. Ayoob
Paul Okada
Information Copy: City Manager
2
ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN THE CITIES AND COUNTY OF SAN MATEO
ISSUE
What steps have San Mateo County and its cities taken to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
by replacing 100 percent fossil -fueled government fleet vehicles with electric vehicles? What
resources are available to the County and the cities to assist in converting their fleets to zero
emission vehicles (ZEVs)?
SUMMARY
Global warming and climate change are an everyday reality. California is a leader in trying to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sixty percent of greenhouse gas emissions in San Mateo
County come from the transportation sector. Local government vehicle fleets are a relatively
small part of that sector; however, the Grand Jury believes they are important in terms of setting
an example for private industry and individuals to follow.
The Grand Jury surveyed the County and each of the 20 cities within the county to determine the
extent to which they are converting their fleets to electric vehicles. The results of this survey
show that approximately 31 percent of the County of San Mateo government fleet vehicles are
electric vehicles. By comparison, the average of 20 cities in the County is about three percent.
Eleven of the 20 cities have no electric vehicles in their fleets.
Purchase of electric vehicles has been cost prohibitive in the past, making it difficult for
governments to justify the expense. Since 2009 when San Mateo County first discussed
converting its fleet to electric vehicles, zero emissions vehicle technology has advanced, and
costs of electric vehicles have dropped. As of 2019, the total life cycle cost, based on five years
ownership, of a zero emissions vehicle is less than that for a comparable 100 percent fossil -
fueled car. The cost savings may be as great as $5,000 if the electric vehicle is eligible for
certain rebates.
The Grand Jury recommends that the County and each of the cities in San Mateo County conduct
a review of their government fleet procurement policies relating to electric vehicles, including an
analysis of the obstacles to fleet conversion. The Grand Jury also recommends that the city
governments and the County Department of Public Works review existing programs that could
facilitate this analysis and the procurement of electric vehicles, including the Office of
Sustainability's Roadmap for Municipal Green Fleets, which is a toolkit to assist local
governments in replacing traditional gas powered fleets with electric fleet vehicles, and the
Climate Mayors EV Purchasing Collaborative, which allows the coordination of a highly
competitive contract aimed at saving time and money by combining the buying power of more
than 50,000 government, education, and non-profit organizations.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
GLOSSARY'
• Greenhouse Gases (GHG): Any of various gaseous compounds, such as carbon dioxide
and methane, that absorb infrared radiation and trap heat in the atmosphere contributing to
the greenhouse effect and global warming.
• Government fleet: All vehicles owned or leased by a government entity for use by
government employees including administrative, maintenance, police and emergency
personnel.
• Fossil —Fueled Vehicles
o PZEVs: 100 percent fossil -fueled, internal combustion engine (ICE), Partial Zero
Emission Vehicles which are Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicles that also have
additional technology, such that their emissions are similar to a non -plug-in hybrid,
such as the Honda Civic, the Ford Fiesta, and the Subaru Crosstrek.
o AT PZEVs: Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicles, which include
non -plug-in hybrids, such as the Honda Accord Hybrid, the Toyota Camry Hybrid, and
the Ford Fusion.
• Electric Vehicles
o Enhanced AT PZEVs: Enhanced Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions
Vehicles which include plug-in hybrid electric vehicles such as the Toyota Prius
Prime, the Chevrolet Volt, and the Ford Fusion Energi.
o ZEVs: Zero Emission Vehicles which include plug-in electric vehicles such as the
Tesla Model 3, the Chevrolet Bolt, the Hyundai Ioniq, and electric carts.
BACKGROUND
California is a leader in trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) associated with global
heating. Forty percent of California's greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation
sector. In San Mateo County, the contribution from transportation is even higher at 60 percent,
the largest contributor being solo driving.2 Local government vehicle fleets are a relatively small
part of that sector; however, the Grand Jury believes they are important in terms of setting an
example for private industry and individuals to follow.
' Definitions based on California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Frequently Asked
Questions: The California Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation, July 2011.
https://www.arb.ca. ov/msproe/zevproQ'factsheets'zev fs pdf
' Time to Act on Climate Change, Twenty-second Annual Report. www.SustainableSanMateo or
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
State Actions
With nearly half of the state's greenhouse gas emissions coming from the transportation sector,
California has made significant investments to encourage adoption of zero emission vehicles,
including expanding the network of charging stations and providing rebates that lower the price
of new cars by thousands of dollars.'
In 2018, the Governor set a goal of reaching five million ZEVs on California's roadways by
2030, and 250,000 public chargers by 2025.4 As of mid-2018, Californians were driving over
400,000 ZEVs out of 25 million registered passenger vehicles in California (1.6 percent). San
Mateo County has 26,894 electric vehicles (Enhanced AT PZEVs and ZEVs) registered', which
is 4.2 percent of all registered vehicles; 8,229 were ZEVs.b
The state has passed the California Renewables Portfolio Standards Program SB 100 (2018) that
mandates that all electricity be 100 percent renewable by 2045, ensuring that electric vehicles
will be powered by clean energy sources.
In October 2016, the Governor of California released the 2016 ZEV Action Plan, which in part
established new goals for state government fleet ZEV purchases, so that 50 percent of annual
light -duty fleet purchases will be ZEV by 2025.E While the state is addressing greenhouse gases
and electrification of state vehicle fleets, there have been few measures directed to electrification
of county or municipal fleets.
County Actions
In 2011, the Grand Jury investigated the County's 2008 Vehicle Purchase Program in which the
San Mateo County Board of Supervisors resolved that "...all future [compact and midsize
county] vehicle purchases will be hybrid models or other fuel -efficient models that are estimated
by the manufacturer to achieve a minimum of thirty miles to the gallon."" This program
includes a policy of replacing fleet vehicles after seven years or 100,000 miles.10 According to
the San Mateo County Department of Public Works, which oversees the County's fleet, the
Board of Supervisors' resolution calls for an annual review of the 30 mpg standard. The policy
3 Koseff, Alexei, "Brown deems Trump `liar, criminal, fool' on environment, signs electric vehicle bills", The
Sacramento Bee, September 13, 2018. https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-govemment/capitol-
alert/article218362510.html
Lazo, Alejandro, "California Gov. Jerry Brown Calls for Five Million Zero -Emission Cars by 2030", Wall Street
Journal, January 26, 2018. httgs://www.wsi.com/articles/califomia-gov ierrv-brown-to-call for five million zero
emission-cars-by-2030- l 516996404
5 https://smcenergywatch ore/electric-vehicle-adoption-in-san-mateo county/
6 Sustainable San Mateo County " Time to Act on Climate Change", Indicators Report 2018.
www.sustainablesammateo.ora May 4,2018
'State Administrative Manual Memorandum MM 16-07.
https:!/www.documents.dizs.ca.gov/osp/sam/mmemos/MM.1.6 07 pdf
' San Mateo County Board of Supervisors, "Resolution No. 069650', September 9, 2008.
9 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 2010-2011. "San Mateo County's Vehicle Purchase Program", 2011.
https://www,sanmateocourtoreMocuments/grandJury/2010/hvbrid vehicles adf
10 [bid.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
itself has not been updated and the fuel efficiency requirement has not been increased above 30
mpg 1 i
Climate Action Plans
Since enactment of the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32), many local
jurisdictions in California have adopted "Climate Action Plans" (CAPs). CAPS are documents
that identify methods that local jurisdictions such as the cities and County can implement to
significantly reduce GHG emissions as a first step toward meeting the requirements mandated by
AB 32, which required a GHG reduction of 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. While such
plans are not mandated, the County of San Mateo and 16 cities in the county have adopted them.
Due to greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, CAPs include a section that discusses the
status of greenhouse gas contribution from this sector and policies meant to reduce them. For
purposes of this report, the Grand Jury reviewed the CAPs for the County and the cities that have
them to determine whether the electrification of government fleets was addressed.12
DISCUSSION
The Grand Jury investigated what San Mateo County and the 20 cities within the county are
doing to reduce their GHG emissions by converting their fleets to electric vehicles.
Grand Jury Survey
In December 2018, the Grand Jury surveyed each of the cities and the County (see Appendix A
for form of the survey). The responses are summarized in Table 1. The survey results show that,
as of the date of the survey, 11 of the 20 cities have no electric vehicles (as defined in the
glossary) in their fleets. These are: Atherton, Belmont, Colma, Daly City, East Palo Alto, Half
Moon Bay, Hillsborough, San Bruno, San Carlos, South San Francisco, and Woodside. In
contrast, two of the cities (Burlingame and Foster City) have converted one percent of their fleet
to electric vehicles, three of the cities (Pacifica, Redwood City, and San Mateo) have reached
three percent, the City of Millbrae has reached seven percent, and two cities (Brisbane and
Menlo Park) have reached ten percent. Of interest is that although not having a Climate Action
Plan, the Town of Portola Valley has moved forward with converting a third (two out of six) of
its fleet to electric vehicles.
" Email from SMC Department of Public Works
'2 Links to each of the CAPs are given in the bibliography.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 4
Table 1: Cities and County of San Mateo Electric Fleet Vehicles (December 2018)
Cites/
County of San Mateo
-6� 9�
+of eetVehicles
Have Climate
Action Plan?
(Year*)
Climate Action Plan
Discusses -,
Government, eef
Electric Vehicles
Total "
electric
% Elec
;
Atherton
20
0
0%
Yes (2016)
Yes
Belmont
106
0
0%
Yes (2017)
Yes
Brisbane
23
2
9%
Yes (2015)
Yes
Burlingame
115
1
1 %
Yes (2009)
Yes
Colma
27
0
0%
Yes (2013)
No
Daly City
26
0
0%
Yes (2010)
No
East Palo Alto
73
0
0%
Yes (2011)
Yes
Foster City
86
1
1 %
Yes (2015)
Yes
Half Moon Bay
8
0
0%
No
No
Hillsborough
67
0
0%
Yes (2010)
No
Menlo Park
110
11
10%
Yes (2009)
Yes
Millbrae
58
4
7%
No
No
Pacifica
96
2
2%
Yes (2014)
Yes
Portola Valley
6
2
33%
No
No
Redwood City
240
6
3%
Yes (2013)
Yes
San Bruno
129 '
0
0%
No
No
San Carlos
49
_0
0%
Yes (2009)
Yes
San Mateo
243
8
3%
Yes (2015)
Yes
South San Francisco
200
0
0%
Yes (2014)
No
Woodside
3
0
0%
Yes (2015)
No
Cities Total
1,685
37
2%
16 Yes
11 Yes
County of San Mateo11
709
220
31 %
Yes (2012)—Yes
* Year shown is date of document that references electric vehicles, if any
Combined, about two percent of the 20 municipalities' fleet vehicles are electric vehicles. By
contrast, electric vehicles comprise approximately 31 percent of the total County of San Mateo
government fleet.
As noted in Table 1, eleven of the cities and the County have as part of their CAP a section
pertaining to converting their government fleets to fuel efficient vehicles (hybrid, electric,
alternative fuel). These cities are: Atherton, Belmont, Brisbane, Burlingame, East Palo Alto,
Foster City, Menlo Park, Pacifica, Redwood City, San Carlos, and San Mateo. Five cities
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
(Colma, Daly City, Hillsborough, South San Francisco, and Woodside) have CAPs that do not
discuss conversion of fleet vehicles, to fuel -efficient vehicles and four cities (Half Moon Bay,
Millbrae, Portola Valley, and San Bruno) have no Climate Action Plan.
In reviewing the cities' and County's CAPs as related to the conversion of fleet vehicles to
electric vehicles, the Grand Jury finds that those cities, and the County, that include this
discussion in their CAP vary in the strength of their approach. As noted above, the County
already had a Fuel Efficient County Vehicle Purchasing Policy prior to developing their CAP,
and this is emphasized in their document. Four of the cities (Atherton, Belmont, Burlingame,
and Pacifica) describe policies to prioritize purchase of electric and alternative fuel vehicles,
sometimes referred as a Sustainable Purchasing Policy, which are proposed for adoption by the
city governments.
For the remaining seven cities, the wording in the CAPs propose specific actions rather than an
overall policy. The CAPs of the cities of Brisbane and East Palo Alto suggest that their cities
participate in a car -sharing program that has electric vehicles. The CAP from Menlo Park says
that "one or several neighborhood electric vehicles could be purchased or leased."13 The CAPs
from Foster City and San Mateo call for the cities to replace gasoline powered vehicles or
conventional hybrids with low emissions vehicles, "as available and cost effective".14 The 2009
CAP from San Carlos is specific about the number of vehicles to be replaced by 2020 stating
that, "The City has approximately 18 vehicles between the Public Works, Parks and Recreation,
and Building Departments that have the possibility of being replaced in the future with
alternative fuel or hybrid technology.�1' And the CAP from Redwood City mentions that by
2013, 83 percent of all City sedans in Redwood City were hybrids and the Parks and Police
Departments had three fully electric. vehicles. Of particular note, the action recommended in
Redwood City is headed, "Lead by Example — promote fuel -efficient and alternative fuel
vehicles in the community by using the'City's fleet as an example."I
As described above, there is a wide variation among local jurisdictions in San Mateo County in
terms of their government fleet electric vehicle procurement policies. In this report, the Grand
Jury has not investigated the reasons why local jurisdictions have adopted their specific policies,
or no policy.
It should be noted that some CAPs were drafted and adopted prior to 2010, when electric
,_vehicles were not widely available, some have been reviewed and revised since 2015, one city is
currently working on an updated CAP, and one city has a draft 2030 plan.
13 City of Menlo Park, Climate Action Plan Update and Status Report, 2009
hqp://worldcat.ore/arcvieweri7/CBG/2013/04/17/H I366238244214/viewer/fileI.Ddf
14 City of San Mateo, Climate Action Plan, April 2015.
https://www.citvofsanmateo org/DocumentCenterNiewf65426/San-Mateo-CAP Adopted?bidld
11 City of San Carlos, Climate Action Plan, October 12, 2009
https://www.citvofsancarlos.orp-/2ovemment/departmentslci -manager-s-office communicationsi'responsible
environment/climate-action- Ilan
16 City of Redwood City Community Climate Action Plan https://www.ca-il.00r-isites;main/files/file-
attachments/redwood city- community climate action plan pdf
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 6
Sources of Financial and Technical Assistance
In October 2018, the San Mateo County Office of Sustainability received a grant for one year
from Peninsula Clean Energy to develop a Roadmap for Municipal Green Fleets. 17 This is a
clean fuel toolkit to assist local governments in replacing traditional gas powered fleets with
electric fleet vehicles. This toolkit includes sources of technical assistance for local governments
interested in strategic planning of their fleet electrification efforts.18 The grant includes funding
to support up to four cities initially in utilizing the toolkit through December 2019.
The Office of Sustainability is currently soliciting feedback from cities on whether there is
interest to adopt an EV First Policy.19 If there is interest from the city and County leadership, the
Office of Sustainability will draft a policy based on the one adopted by the City and County of
San Francisco in 2017. San Francisco's EV First policy "requires that any new passenger vehicle
procured for the City fleet be a Zero Emission Vehicle, absent a waiver, and that all passenger
vehicles in the City fleet be Zero Emission Vehicles by December 31, 2022; and to encourage
selection of Zero Emission Vehicles in other vehicle classes as technology improves. ,21
On September 11, 2018, the Climate Mayors EV Purchasing Collaborative was launched. Cities
from around the U.S. announced a large-scale commitment to electrify their municipal fleets.
One founder stated, "This process allows the coordination of a highly competitive contract aimed
at saving your fleet time and money by combining the buying power of more than 50,000
government, education, and non-profit organizations. The vehicles in your fleet need to meet the
use needs of your company and staff, and the Cooperative EV Purchasing Collaborative is
designed with products and services to fit your needs."21
"The Collaborative represents unprecedented cooperation among Climate Mayors cities across
the country to leverage their collective buying power and accelerate the conversion of public
fleets to [electric vehicles] ... It is a turnkey, one -stop, online procurement portal providing U.S.
cities, counties, [and] state governments... equal access to competitively bid [electric vehicles]
and charging infrastructure, innovative financing options, and best practices and other forms of
expertise."22
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP)
which is designed to promote the purchase of battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and other
electric vehicles. Rebates of up to $7,000 per light -duty vehicle are available for individuals,
nonprofits, government entities, and business owners who purchase or lease an eligible vehicle.
Public agencies are eligible for up to 30 vehicle rebates annually. Some fleets may qualify for
Peninsula Clean Energy Pilot Program, https://www.yeninsufacleanenerizv.com/community-pilots/ Peninsula
Clean Energy (PCE) is San Mateo County's official electricity provider. It awarded grants through its Community
Pilot Program of up to $75,000 each for six innovative local pilot projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
18 Office of Sustainability, Roadmap for Municipal Green Fleets". h!!Ps://www.smcsustainability.orp
19 Grand Jury Correspondence with San Mateo County Office of Sustainability.
2° City and County of San Francisco Ordinance # 115-17.
(httns://sfeov.leoistar.com/ iew.ashx?M=F&ID=5205705&GUID=5BOOIFFA 9629 43BC BIEC 133481376178629)
2
1 "Commitment to Electrification" , httns://driveevf1eets.org/.#
'-2 Ibid.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
increased incentives if located within a California disadvantaged community census tract.23
Current rebate statistics are available on the website of the Center for Sustainable Energy
(CSE).2'
Why Now is the Time to Convert Government Fleets to ZEVs
Even those cities whose Climate Action Plans include proposed electric vehicle fleet
procurement policies have not fully implemented them (see Table 1, last column vs. # of Fleet
Vehicles). San Carlos, for example, has a strong and specific policy but has purchased no electric
vehicles. In this report, the Grand Jury has not investigated the specific reasons each city may
have for not implementing electric vehicle procurement policies. The following section reviews
the general obstacles that local governments have encountered in the past and their current status
in 2019.
"The California Air Resources Board first adopted the ZEV mandate in 1990 as part of the Low -
Emission Vehicle regulation... whose goals were to accelerate industry investment in ZEV
technology, discourage industry procrastination, establish initial supply chains, and signal to the
many related companies and governments that they should be engaging sooner and more deeply
with the transition to ZEVs.�2' This was 18 years before the first commercially successful ZEV
was sold to the public.26,27
In 2013, the National Research Council identified the main obstacles to public adoption of ZEVs
as:
• Lack of Customer Knowledge about ZEVs,
• High Purchase Price,
• Limited Driving Range,
• Limited Model Choice,
• Lack of Dealer/Mechanic Knowledge about ZEVs,
• Lack of Charging Infrastructure,
• Lack of Standardization of Charging Infrastructure, and
• Lack of Access to 100 percent Renewable Electricity.28
Since 2013, many of these obstacles have been greatly reduced. Several more ZEV models have
been introduced to the market and costs have come down to a large extent due to a significant
23 According to Get Healthy San Mateo County, November 2017 Newsletter, "Implications of the Planning for
Healthy Communities Act for San Mateo County", portions of East Palo Alto, Redwood City, South San Francisco,
Millbrae, San Bruno and unincorporated North Fair Oaks are "disadvantaged community census tracts.
hMs://www..gethealth,ysmc.or-_/newsletter/novem ber-2017-news letter
'-' CVRP Rebate Statistics Webaa-ge
'-S Scott Hardman, et al., "Driving the Market for Plug-in Vehicles: Understanding ZEV Mandates".
,https://phev.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/ul2loads/zev-mandates-policv-guide pdf
26 U.S. Department of Energy, "The History of the Electric Car", September 2014.
hMs://www.energy.izov/articles/histoa-electric-car
27 Tesla website, "About Tesla", https://www.tesla.com/about
28 National Research Council, "Overcoming Barriers to Electric -Vehicle Deployment", 2013.
http:Ugabrielse.ohvsics.harvard.edu/aabricise/papers/2013/OvercominaBarriersToElectricVehicleDeployment pdf
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
drop in battery prices.29 In San Mateo County, both Pacific Gas & Electric and Peninsula Clean
Energy both offer 100 percent renewable electricity plans.30.31
"Most modern chargers and vehicles have a standard connector and receptacle, called the SAE
J 1772. Any vehicle with this plug receptacle can use any Level 1 [ 120 volt AC] or Level 2 [240
volt AC] EVSE. All major vehicle and charging system manufacturers support this standard."32
And recently, "SAE International, an engineering standards -setting organization, has passed a
standard for fast charging that adds high -voltage DC power contact pins to the SAE J1772
connector,"33 so standardization of charging infrastructure should soon no longer be a concern.
As with individuals who purchase ZEVs, city and county governments will need to install
charging infrastructure for their fleets. The cost of installing a charging facility ranges widely
depending on the number of charging ports, the level of the charger, whether the units are
networked for monitoring and/or billing purposes, and the proximity to existing electrical
infrastructure.34 However, in considering the useful range of their ZEVs, cities in San Mateo
County should also take into account that there are currently 1,645 public charging stations in
San Mateo County that could be used by government vehicles if they are in danger of running
out of power before being able to return to their base charging location. 35
Even with all of these advances, in January 2019 Forbes Magazine listed the four lingering
obstacles that purchasers of ZEVs, both public and private, contend with as perceived cost, range
anxiety, driver understanding, and dealer understanding.36 Driver and dealer understanding of
ZEVs will come with greater education of the public, and the Grand Jury hopes that this report
will contribute to that education. Retraining of mechanics to work on ZEVs is also a
consideration, especially for government employees. However, according to the San Mateo
County Department of Public Works, "This doesn't present a problem and... mechanics are being
trained on servicing of the EVs. ,37
"By a margin, the largest reason that consumers have avoided purchasing an electric car is range
anxiety. That is, 58 percent of drivers are afraid that they will run out of power before being able
z9 Supra, Note 26
30 Pacific Gas & Electric website, "Solar Choice program costs". https://www,pge.com/en US/residential/solar-and-
veh is les/options/solar/soIar-choice/rate-calculator_ page
31 Peninsula Clean Energy website, "Where PCE's Power Comes From".
https://www.peninsulacIeanenergy.com/energy-sources/
3' U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, "Vehicle Charging".
https://www.energy.Qov/eere/electricvehicies/vehicle-char7in--
33 Ibid.
31 New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, "Charging Station Installation Analysis: Tompkins
County Plug-in Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan", February 2017.
http://tomokinscountvny.eov/tiles2/itctc/pmiects/FV/Tompkins%20EVSE°io201nstaIIation°io20Analysis%20FINAL pdf
31 San Mateo County Datahub, "Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations".
https://datahub.smc-gov orp/Transportation/Electric-Vehicle CharFina Stations/k-4h3 yhwc
36 Jeff McMahon, "The 4 Lingering Obstacles To Electric Vehicle Adoption (And What Might Overcome Them)",
Forbes, January27, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ieffmcmahon/2019/01/l7/the-4-lingering obstacles to
electric-veh is le-adoption-and-what-m 1 !zht-overcome-them?#2224ba695c54
37 Grand Jury communication.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury
"38
to charge their vehicle, while another 49 percent fear the low availability of charging stations.
In considering whether and when to convert government fleets in San Mateo County, the Grand
Jury directs attention to the large number of public charging stations in the County mentioned
above.
For all of the advances in technology, education, and infrastructure availability, a consistent
theme in the CAPs and literature reviewed by the Grand Jury is the perceived cost of ZEVs
versus 100 percent fossil -fueled cars and the importance of feasibility and cost effectiveness.
Choosing a ZEV over a conventional, internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle can result in
significant long term savings. ZEVs "cost less than half as much to operate as gas powered
cars."39 "The average cost to operate a ZEV in the US is $485 a year while the average for a
gasoline powered vehicle is $1,117.s41
The average price for a gallon of gasoline in California is $3.95 (May 2019). The average cost
for electricity per gallon equivalent during the daytime is $1.80.41 Fueling electric vehicles at
night (off peak) would cost even less.42,43
Maintenance cost for ZEVs is also lower because they have "fewer moving parts, no exhaust
system, less need for cooling, less abrasive braking options and no need to change engine oil,
coolant, transmission fluids, air filters, timing belts, head gaskets, cylinder heads and spark
plugs."44 The largest maintenance expense of a ZEV is the battery pack.4' ZEV batteries are
drained and recharged constantly but some manufacturers will cover replacement with a battery
warranty (such as for the Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Bolt, and Tesla Model S).41
In order to show how all of these factors result in a one-to-one cost comparison, an example
lifecycle cost analysis of a ZEV as compared to a comparable internal combustion engine vehicle
of the size used by the County of San Mateo is provided in Table 2. This analysis is based on a
calculation available on the website of PG&E, but the values have been modified to reflect the
rates and conditions that would be experienced by governments in San Mateo County.47 For
38 Rob Stumpf, "Americans Cite Range Anxiety, Cost as Largest Barriers for New EV Purchases: Study", The
Drive, February 26, 2019. httos://www.thedrive.com/news/26637!americans-cite-range-anxiety cost as largest
barri ers-for-new-ev-purchases-study
" University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute 2018 Study Report No. S WT-2018-1.
40 Ibid.
41 "egallon: What it is and Why it is Important" Department of Energy's egallon. www.energy.eov
42 Ibid.
43 Note egallon and miles per gallon (MPGe) is a measurement of the cost to drive a comparable vehicle the same
distance you could go on a gallon of gasoline. MPGe is a measurement of how efficiently a vehicle uses energy
based on the number of British Thermal Units (BTUs) in the fuel.
44 Jeff McMahon, " Electric Vehicle Cost Less Than Half as Much to Drive", Forbes, January 14, 2018.
h_ttps://www.forbes.com/sites/ieffmcmahon/'7018/01/14/electric-vehicles cost less than half as much to
drive/#45d 1708e3 f97
45 Ibid.
46 "Costs and Benefits of Electric Cars vs. Conventional Vehicles", November 15, 2018
httos://www.enerwsa�e com/electric-vehiciesl)uyers Ezuide/battery life for to evsl
4' Pacific Gas & Electric Company, "Welcome to the EV Savings Calculator". https://ev.pge.com/'
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 10
purposes of this calculation, it is assumed that the vehicles would be driven 20,000 miles per
year and resold after 100,000 miles (five years).
This analysis shows that with rebates currently in place, the total life cycle cost over five years
for a ZEV is up to $5,000 less than that of a comparable ICE driven car, and that even if the
electricity cost were to double or the rebate was not available the total cost would still be less
than that of the ICE car. Cities are encouraged to perform their own analyses. Therefore, the
Grand Jury believes that now is the time to convert government fleets to ZEVs.
Table 2
5-Year (100,000 Mile) Life Cycle Cost Comparison of
Chevrolet Bolt ZEV to Toyota Camry ICE XLE/XSE
2019
Chevrolet Bolt 2019 Toyota
Description EV Camry XLE Comments
Su mary of Results
Vehicle Purchase/Resale
$22,676
$20,058
Vehicle MSRP * (1 + Sales Tax) - Rebate -
Resale Value Percent * MSRP
Total Electricity Cost
$5,040
NA
Electricity Cost * Electricity Use * Mi/Yr
* Number of Years
Total Gasoline Cost
NA
$t 1,618
Gasoline Cost * Mi/Yr * Number of Years
MPG
Total Maintenance Cost
$3,174
$5,749
Maint. Cost per Mile * (1 - EV Cost Reduction)
* Mi/Yr * Number of Years
Total Insurance Cost
$8,639
$8,288
Insurance Cost per Year *Number of Years
TOTAL 5-Yr Cost $39,529 $45,712
2019
Chevrolet Bolt 2019 Toyota
Description EV Camry XLF Cnmmrntc
Input Parameters
Seats
5
5
Manufacturer Specification
Passenger Volume (cu.ft.)
94
100
Manufacturer Specification
Interior Cargo Volume (cu.ft.)
16.9
14.1
Manufacturer Specification
Type
Mid -Size
Mid -Size
Passenger+Cargo Volume 110 to 119 cu.ft.AB
MSRP
$36,620
$29,175
Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price
CARB EV Rebate
$2,500
NA
California Air Resource Board 19
" U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, "How are Vehicle Size Classes
Defined". httas://www.fuefeconomv og v/fea/info shtmI#size-class
49 California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Clean Vehicle Rebate Project, "For Public
Fleets". https://cleanvehicIerebate.ora/enJfleet
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury I I
Table 2 (continued)
2019
Chevrolet Bolt 2019 Toyota
Description EV Camry XLF. Cnmmnntc
In ut Parameters Cont.
Electricity Cost ($/kWh)
$0.18
NA
E-19 SV Rate from PCE, 100% ECO50
Electricity Use (kWh/mile)
0.28
NA
EPA Efficiency Ratings'
Gasoline Cost ($/gal)
NA
$3.95
AAA, CA avg. for May 20195'-
Miles per Gallon (MPG)
NA
34
EPA RatingS3
Maint. Cost per Mile
$0.0599
$0.0575
Exponential cost curve based on MSRP of
$37,000 and a base rate of $0.06/mi54
Insurance Cost per Year
$1,728
$1,658
Exponential cost curve based on MSRP of
$37,000 and a base rate of$1,731/yrss
EV Maint. Cost Reduction
47%
NA
21 Institute Report56
Number of Years
5
5
Assumed for analysis
Miles Driven per Year
20,000
20,000
Assumed for analysis
Sales Tax (%)
8.75%
8.75%
San Mateo County"
Resale Value @ 100,000 mi
40%
40%
CarFax58,59
5' pacific Gas & Electric Company, "PG&E — Peninsula Clean Energy Joint Rate Comparisons".
hM2s://www.pge.com/pge global/common/pdfs/customer-service/other-services/aItem ative energ -
providers/community-choice-awegation/pce rateclasscomparison pdf
51 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, "Find and Compare Cars".
https://www.fueleconomv.gov/fe.z/noframes/40520.shtml
52 AAA, "Gas Prices". https:Hgasprices.aaa.com/state-gas-price-averaees/
53 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, "Compare Side -by -Side".
https://www.fueleconomy.izov/feo-JFind.do?action=sbs&id=40609
54 Supra, Note 46 — Equation is Cost per mile = 0.06 * (MSRP/37000)^0.1799.
ss Supra, Note 46 — Equation is Cost per year = 1731 * (MSRP/37000)^0.1825.
56 Ryan Logtenberg, et al., 20 Institute, "Comparing Fuel and Maintenance Costs of Electric and Gas Powered
Vehicles in Canada", September 2018.
hops://www.2de_reesinstitute orJreports/comgaring fuel and maintenance costs of electric and egas Powered v
ehicles in canada.pdf
57 California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, "California Sales and Use Tax Rates by County and City",
April 1, 2019. https://www.cdtfa.ca.izov/forinsDubs/cdtfa95.pdf
58 Charles Krome, "Car Depreciation: How Much Value Will a New Car Lose?", Carfax, November 9, 2018.
h!Ws://www.carfax.com/blop,/car-der)reciation
59 Depreciation is an important factor in this analysis as is it difficult to predict the demand for used cars in the
future. See Edmunds, "Edmunds Report Reveals a Car With 100,000 Miles Is More Valuable Than Shoppers
Think", November 13, 2017. https://www.edmunds.com/about/press/edmunds-report-reveals-a car with 100000
miles -is -more -valuable -than -shoppers -think html
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 12
FINDINGS
F 1. As of December 2018, eleven of the twenty cities in San Mateo County have no electric
vehicles in their government fleets. These are:
• Atherton
• Belmont
• Colma
• Daly City
• East Palo Alto
• Half Moon Bay
• Hillsborough
• San Bruno
• San Carlos
• South San Francisco
• Woodside
F2. As of December 2018, in two of the twenty cities in San Mateo County approximately
one percent of the city fleet are electric vehicles. These are:
• Burlingame
• Foster City
F3. As of December 2018, in three of the twenty cities in San Mateo County approximately
three percent of the city fleet are electric vehicles. These are:
• Pacifica
• Redwood City
• San Mateo
F4. As of December 2018, in the City of Millbrae approximately seven percent of the city fleet
is electric vehicles.
F5. As of December 2018, in two of the twenty cities in San Mateo County approximately
ten percent of the city fleet are electric vehicles. These are:
• Brisbane
• Menlo Park
F6. As of December 2018, the Town of Portola Valley has converted two of its six city
vehicles to electric vehicles, or approximately 33 percent.
F7. San Mateo County has 709 fleet vehicles. Of those, 218 are Enhanced AT PZEVs and two
are ZEVs (approximately 31 percent).
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 13
F8. The County and eleven of the cities in the county have Climate Action Plans that discuss
adoption of sustainable purchasing policies for converting their fleets to fuel efficient
vehicles (hybrid, electric, alternative fuel). The cities are:
• Atherton
• Belmont
• Brisbane
• Burlingame
• East Palo Alto
• Foster City
• Menlo Park
• Pacifica
• Redwood City
• San Carlos
• San Mateo
F9. San Mateo Office of Sustainability released a "Green Municipal Fleet Toolkit" in March of
2019. The purpose of this Toolkit is to assist jurisdictions on how to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from their municipal fleets.
F 10. The San Mateo County Office of Sustainability technical support pilot program for
municipal fleets, which is funded to assist up to four cities in converting their fleets to
ZEVs, runs through December 2019.
Fl 1. The Climate Mayors EV Purchasing Collaborative is available to assist the cities and the
County in conversion of fleet vehicles to ZEVs through aggregate purchasing.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Rl. By March 31, 2020, the County of San Mateo and each city within the county should
conduct a review of its government fleet procurement policy relating to electric vehicles
and present a report at a public meeting. At a minimum, the review should be based on an
analysis that includes up-to-date life -cycle costs of commercially available electric vehicles
and an up-to-date assessment of whether electric vehicles can meet the performance needs
of local jurisdictions for power, range, battery life, and other relevant factors. If an agency
has completed such a review within the last three years, then such review should be
presented to its governing body at a public meeting on or before December 31, 2019.
R2. By March 31, 2020, the County of San Mateo and each city within the county should
conduct an analysis of the obstacles, if any, to the implementation of an EV government
fleet procurement policy and present a report at a public meeting. This could include, for
example, the availability of electric vehicle charging stations to serve the vehicle fleet and
training of vehicle maintenance staff. If an agency has completed such an analysis within
the last three years, then such analysis should be presented to its governing body at a public
meeting on or before December 31, 2019.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 14
R3. By September 30, 2019, the County of San Mateo Department of Public Works and each
city within the county should review the "Roadmap for Municipal Green Fleets" toolkit
from the San Mateo County Office of Sustainability, including the information on the
possibility of adopting an EV First Policy.
R4. By September 30, 2019, the County of San Mateo and each city within the county, if they
have not already initiated such a process, should investigate joining the Climate Mayors
EV Purchasing Collaborative to take advantage of aggregate purchasing.
REQUEST FOR RESPONSES
Pursuant to penal Code section 933.05, the Grand Jury requests responses from the City Councils
of the following cities in San Mateo County:
• Atherton, Belmont, Brisbane, Burlingame, Colma, Daly City, East Palo Alto, Foster City,
Half Moon Bay, Hillsborough, Menlo Park, Millbrae, Pacifica, Portola Valley, Redwood
City, San Bruno, San Carlos, San Mateo, South San Francisco, Woodside.
• The San Mateo County Board of Supervisors
The governing bodies indicated above should be aware that the comment or response of the
governing body must be conducted subject to the notice, agenda, and open meeting requirements
of the Brown Act.
METHODOLOGY
• The Grand Jury sent a survey/questionnaire to all the cities in San Mateo County. The
same survey was sent to the County.
• The Grand Jury interviewed representatives from The Office of Sustainability, C/CAG,
The County Department of Public Works and non- profit electric vehicles organizations.
• The Grand Jury attended city sponsored Electric Vehicle Workshops, the Sustainable San
Mateo County Indicators forum, a seminar on The Future of Transportation: Clean
Energy & Transformation presented by Peninsula Family Service Thought Leader Series,
and the San Francisco Global Climate Change Summit.
• The Grand Jury conducted research using over forty-five internet sites and newspaper
articles pertaining to electric vehicles, government agencies dealing with electric vehicles
and greenhouse gas reduction in the transportation sector.
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury is
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2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 16
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2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 17
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2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 18
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2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 19
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2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 20
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http://brisbaneca.orgisites/default/files/Adopted%20CAP%209-17-15.pdf (last viewed
September 16, 2018)
• City of Burlingame, Climate Action Plan, June 2009 http://www.cecburlin_game.com/w]2-
content/uploads/2015/02/climate action plan.pdf (last viewed September 16, 2018)
• City of Colma, Climate Action Plan, adopted May 8, 2013
h_ttps://storage.googleapis.com/proudcity/colmaca/uploads/2017/02/5. 08 13 Adopted-
CAP.pddf (last viewed September 16, 2018)
• City of East Palo Alto, Final Climate Action Plan, December 2011 https://www.ci.east-
palo-alto.ca.us/documentcenter/view/748 (last viewed on February 23, 2019)
• City of Foster City, Climate Action Plan, September 2015
https://www.fostercity.or.v/sites/default/files/fileattachments/city manager/page/286 I /fin
al -foster -city -cap 9-16-15.pdf (last viewed on February 23, 2019)
• Town of Hillsborough, Climate Action Plan, February 2010.
https://www.hillsborough.net/DocumentCenterNiew/606/201 O-Climate-Action-
Plan?bidId= (last viewed February 23, 2019)
• City of Menlo Park, Climate Action Plan Update and Status Report, 2009
http://worldcat.org/arcviewer/7/CBG/2013/04/17/H1366238244214/viewer/fil
el.pdf (last viewed May 30, 2019)
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 21
• City of Pacifica, Climate Action Plan, July 14, 2014
http://www.citvofpacifica.ora/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?blobid=7490 (last viewed
September 16, 2018)
• City of San Carlos, Climate Action Plan, October 12, 2009
https://ww•w.cityofsancarlos.org//g ovemment/departments/city+-manager-s-office-
communications/responsible-environment/climate-action- lean (last viewed September
16, 2018)
• City of San Mateo, Climate Action Plan, April 2015.
https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenterNiew/65426/San-Mateo-CAP---
Adopted?bidId (last viewed February 24, 2019).
• City of Redwood City Community Climate Action Plan (no date). https://ww-w.ca-
ilg.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/redwood city -
community climate action plan.pdf (last viewed June 2, 2019)
• City of South San Francisco, Climate Action Plan, prepared by PMC, adopted February
13, 2014 http://www.ssf.net/home/showdocument?id=5640 (last viewed September 16,
2018)
• Town of Woodside, Climate Action Plan, September 22, 2015
https://www.woodsidetown.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planninzlpap,e/4631 /to
wn of woodside - final climate action plan.pdf (last viewed February 24, 2019)
• County of San Mateo, Energy Efficiency Climate Action Plan, June 2013.
https://www;smcsustainabilitv.org/download/climate-change/Energy-Effici ency-C limate-
Action-Plan.pdf (last viewed February 24, 2019)
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 22
APPENDIX A
Civil Grand Jury Survey
The following is the text of the survey that was sent to the County and each of the cities.
[Name of addressee]
[Address]
Re: Request for documents from San Mateo County 2018-19 Civil Grand Jury
Dear
In connection with an investigation being conducted by the San Mateo County 2018-19 Civil
Grand Jury, we are interested in responses to the following questions:
The number of Electric Vehicle charging stations your municipality has installed for government
use
The number of EV charging stations your city has installed for public use
The number of vehicles in your cities fleet
How many of those vehicles are electric?
Does your city have a Climate Action Plan?
If so does that plan include the reduction of Green House Gas emissions through eliminating
fossil fuel driven vehicles and adopting the use of Electric vehicles for government employees?
We would appreciate it if you could provide your answers to us within the next seven days. If
any of the requests are unclear, or unduly burdensome to respond to, or if you need additional
time to gather responsive documents, please let me know and we will be happy to clarify and/or
work with you to make the request more manageable.
As you may be aware, under California law, all matters relating to the Grand Jury's work
including the nature or subject of any inquiries it makes and its requests for documents, are to be
treated as confidential by you and not disclosed except as directed by a court of law. You are, of
course, free to engage the assistance of other personnel in your office to gather information
responsive to our requests, but we ask that, except to the extent absolutely necessary, you not
disclose this letter or the fact that the documents are being gathered in response to a Grand Jury
request. Any violation of your statutory confidentiality obligation is punishable as contempt of
court.
Thank you so much for your help.
Very Truly Yours,
Issued: August 12, 2019
2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 23